#1-1

요약변형문제

정답) ③: ___(A)___ 긍정적인 환상은 목표 달성에 필요한 '에너지(energy)'를 약화시킨다고 지문에서 명시하고 있다. ___(B)___ 목표를 현실로 만들기 위해서는 '동기(motivation)'가 충분해야 하며, 환상은 이러한 '동기'를 감소시키는 비활동 상태를 유발한다. 따라서 빈칸 (A), (B)에 가장 적합한 단어는 energy와 motivation이다.

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?

It's remarkable that positive fantasies help us relax to such an extent that it shows up in physiological tests. If you want to unwind, you can take some deep breaths, get a massage, or go for a walk ― but you can also try simply cl1osing your eyes and fantasizing about some future outcome that you might enjoy. But what about when your objective is to make your wish a reality?. The last thing you want to be is relaxed. You want to be energiz2ed enough to get off the couch and lose those pounds or find that job or study for that test, and you want to be motivated enough to stay engaged even when the inevitable obstacles or challenges arise3. The principle of "Dream it. Wish it. Do it". does not hold true, and now we know why: in dreaming it, you undercut the energy you need to do it. You put yourself in a temporary state of complete happiness, calmness ― and inactivit4y.

According to the text, while positive fantasies can aid relaxation, they are counterproductive for achieving goals because they induce a state of calmness and inactivity, thereby reducing the (A)________________ and (B)________________ needed for taking active steps towards making wishes a reality.

(A)              (B)

① tranquility - action

② calmness - effort

③ energy - motivation

④ inactivity - persistence

⑤ happiness - resilience

#1-2

정답) ②: ___(A)___ 도파민의 주요 기능은 우리를 행복하게 만드는 것이 아니라 '행복을 추구하도록(pursue)' 만드는 것이라고 지문에서 명확히 밝히고 있다. ___(B)___ 따라서 도파민에 의한 욕망과 추구의 과정은 반드시 '행복(happiness)'으로 이어지는 것이 아니며, 스트레스와 불행을 유발하기도 한다고 했으므로 빈칸 (B)에는 guaranteed happiness와 대조되는 의미가 필요하다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 가장 적합한 단어는 pursue와 happiness이다.

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?

Dopamine can be a great motivator, and even when it's tempting us to order dessert or to run up credit card debt, it's hard to describe this tiny neurotransmitter as evil. But dopamine does have a dark side ─ one that's not hard to see if we pay close attention. If we pause and notice what's really going on in our brains and bodies when we're in that state of wanting, we will find that the promise of reward can be as stressful as it is delightful. Desire doesn't always make us feel good; sometimes it makes us 5feel completely awful. The reason is that dopamine's primary function is to make us pursue happiness, not to make us happy. It doesn't mind putting a little pressure on us even if that means making us unhap6py in the process.

The text reveals that dopamine, despite being a motivator, possesses a dark side because its primary function is to make us (A)________________ happiness, a process of wanting that can lead to stress and unhappiness rather than guaranteed (B)________________.

(A)              (B)

① achieve - pleasure

② pursue - happiness

③ avoid - suffering

④ create - fulfillment

⑤ reject - wanting

#1-3

정답) ⑤: ___(A)___ 지구 온난화에 대한 결정에서 무엇이 "가장 좋은지"는 불확실성(uncertainty)으로 가득 차 있다고 지문은 설명한다. ___(B)___ 이러한 결정은 캐나다인, 소말리아인, 미래 세대 등 다양한 주체의 '이해관계(interests)'에 얼마나 비중을 두는지에 따라 크게 영향을 받는다고 언급한다. 따라서 빈칸 (A), (B)에 가장 적합한 단어는 uncertain과 interests이다.

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?

There are many things we can choose to do about global warming, including doing nothing at all. All of them have consequences, many of which will be unforeseen. As human beings, we are motivated, at least to some extent, by a desire to do what is "best". But this approach is as fraught with uncertainty as climate change itself. What is "7best" can vary considerably, depending on your point of view. What is best ─ even presuming we can discover what that is ─ for a Canadian living in the last decade of the twentieth century might not be best for someone living in Somalia, or for our great-grandchildren, or for the rain forest of the Amazon or the kangaroos of Australia. Decisions about what to do about global warming will therefore be strongly influenced by how much relative weight we give to the interests of Canadians, S8omalis, great-grandchildren, rain forests, and kangaroos.

Decisions regarding global warming are complicated because determining the "best" course of action is inherently (A)________________ and is significantly influenced by the relative importance assigned to the diverse (B)________________ of various people and ecosystems across different times and places.

(A)              (B)

① subjective - perspectives

② debatable - needs

③ clear - consequences

④ obvious - opinions

⑤ uncertain - interests

#1-4

정답) ④: ___(A)___ 회사 확장에 따라 기존 구조에 도전이 발생하며 내부 구조를 체계적으로 '검토(examination)'해야 할 필요가 있다고 지문은 설명한다. ___(B)___ 운영 효율성과 지속적인 성장을 위해 조직 구조의 상응하는 '구조조정(restructuring)'이 필요하다고 언급한다. 따라서 빈칸 (A), (B)에 가장 적합한 단어는 examination과 restructuring이다.

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?

As companies continue to expand, things inevitably change. The initial structure designed for the new business may be challenged as the company's reach grows. With expansion comes the need to systematically examine the internal framework and to evaluate each aspect for efficiency. Formerly self-sufficient units may benefit from a more integrated approach that encourages collaboration and synergy. The strength of decision-making processes is tested by increasing complexity, requiring a strategic reorganization of roles and responsibilities. Communication networks must be expanded to meet the increased demand for smooth information flow. This transformation is not a choice but a necessity for operational efficiency. As businesses expand, the ease with which the organization can adapt becomes critical to continued growth and operational capability, requiring a corresponding restructuring of the organizational structure.

The text indicates that company expansion inevitably leads to increased complexity, challenging the existing structure and demanding a systematic (A)________________ of the internal framework and a subsequent (B)________________ of the organizational structure to ensure operational efficiency and support ongoing growth.

(A)              (B)

① evaluation - reorganization

② assessment - transformation

③ expansion - integration

④ examination - restructuring

⑤ growth - collaboration

#1-5

정답) ①: ___(A)___ 일상생활에서 성공이 실패보다 더 눈에 잘 띄기 때문에 성공 가능성을 '과대평가(overestimate)'하기 쉽다고 지문은 설명한다. ___(B)___ 미디어가 성공에 초점을 맞추는 것은 이러한 경향을 강화하여 '착각(illusion)'을 만든다고 언급한다. 따라서 빈칸 (A), (B)에 가장 적합한 단어는 overestimate와 illusion이다.

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?

In daily life, because triumph is made more visible than failure, you are likely to overestimate your chances of succeeding. But remember behind every popular author there are 100 other writers whose books will never sell. Behind them are another 100 who have9n't found publishers. Behind them are yet another 100 whose unfinished manuscripts gather dust in drawers. And behind each one of these are 100 people who dream of10 ─ one day ─ writing a book. The same goes for photographers, artists, athletes, architects, and Nobel Prize winners. The media is not interested in digging around in the graveyards of the unsuccessful, but you should take an interest. As an outsider, you are likely to get caught up in an illusion. In order to avoid a huge disappointment, it is important to be re11alistic.

The text argues that the higher visibility of success compared to failure in everyday life causes people to (A)________________ their likelihood of achievement, and this tendency is reinforced by the media's focus on triumphs, creating an (B)________________ that makes a realistic perspective essential to prevent significant disappointment.

(A)              (B)

① overestimate - illusion

② inflate - misconception

③ exaggerate - skewed perception

④ underestimate - reality

⑤ accurately judge - trend